The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is a federal agency in the United States responsible for enforcing laws that prohibit workplace discrimination. Established under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the EEOC ensures that employees and job applicants are treated fairly regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic information. The agency investigates complaints, enforces anti-discrimination laws, and offers guidance to both employers and workers.
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Key Facts
- Founded in 1965: Created as part of the Civil Rights Act (Title VII) to enforce federal workplace discrimination laws.
- Enforces Anti-Discrimination Laws: Covers hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, compensation, training, and other work conditions.
- Has Legal Authority: Can investigate claims, mediate disputes, and file lawsuits against employers for violations.
- Protected Categories Include: Race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40+), disability, and genetic information.
- Complaint Filing Process: Individuals must file a charge of discrimination with the EEOC (usually within 180–300 days of the incident) before pursuing legal action.
- Promotes Voluntary Compliance: Provides training, outreach, and technical assistance to help employers prevent discrimination.
- Employer Coverage: Applies to most employers with 15 or more employees (20 for age-related discrimination under the ADEA).
1. What does the EEOC do?
The EEOC enforces laws that make it illegal to discriminate against job applicants or employees and investigates discrimination claims.
2. Who can file a complaint with the EEOC?
Any employee or applicant who believes they’ve been discriminated against based on a protected characteristic can file a complaint.
3. How long do I have to file a charge with the EEOC?
Typically 180 days, or 300 days if a state or local agency enforces a similar law.
4. What happens after a complaint is filed?
The EEOC may investigate, request mediation, dismiss the claim, or pursue legal action depending on findings.
5. Does the EEOC apply to all employers?
No, it typically applies to private employers with 15+ employees, as well as federal, state, and local governments.
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